Much of what English compositions promote is what Ong identifies with the culture of literacy (think about what kind of thinking and production your comp instructors insisted that you do and compare that with the characteristics Ong lays out).

Since academia must (or does) spend such energy promoting this, it follows that its receipt is not automatic. That is, within the nominally literate society, there are more and less literate elements, that is, people who not only can read but habitually refer to alphanumerically coded information to decide make decisions.

Perhaps one might revise this to say that the technological vehicles/artifacts of literacy provide extra or alternative modes of operation, and that older functions are partially lost by those who adopt newer ones.