Bonapartism
From MarxWiki
Government that is formed when class rule is not secure and a military police and state bureaucracy intervenes to establish order. 19th century bonapartism is commonly associated with 20th century facism and Stalinism. The term developed to demonstrate “how the class struggle in France created circumstances and relationships that made it possible for a grotesque mediocrity to play a hero’s part†(Marx, The 18th Brumaire). This phenomena explains the failed revolutions of the Marxist party and the delicate nature of revolutionary process.
Theorist Antonio Gramsci progresses this idea, explaining it as the bringing together of two ideologies that share no common ground into a group ideology with an outside base, such as Italy's relationship with Catholicism. He considers it a retrogressive movement with pieces pulled together by lesser parties to create a new culture. He discusses this in conjuction with the idea of caeserism, stating that compromised solutions formed by a bonapartist process don't simply create a thesis, but is obviously a synthesis that, in its creation, creates an antithesis.
